10/14/2021

45. Tax Basis, Gross Income, Deductible Expenses in Japan 課税標準、益金、損金等

課税標準、益金、損金等について英語でまとめました。
Japanese Corporate Tax Law ("CTL") defines a "tax basis" and other related terms as follows: 

See this post for more about Japanese tax and accounting.
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Japanese Corporate Tax Law provides that "tax basis" can generally be described as "gross income" minus "deductible expenses." The table below describes these and other related terms.  

Tax terms

Description

1.   Tax basis

Gross income (2) - Deductible expenses (3)

2.   Gross income

Revenue under J-GAAP from the following other than capital transactions (see below)  

-   Sale of assets

-   Transfer of assets/provision of services with or without consideration

-   Receipt of assets with no consideration

-   Other transactions 

3.   Deductible expenses

Following costs under J-GAAP

-   Cost of sales, cost of completed work and cost of transferred assets

-   Selling, general and administrative, and other expenses, excluding depreciation or accrued expenses which do not meet the deduction requirements

-   Losses related to transactions other than capital transactions (see below)

4.   Capital transaction

-   Transactions increasing/decreasing Tax Capital (shihonkin tou no gaku)

-   Distribution of profit

-   Distribution of residual assets


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Qualified Invoice System in Japan

An outline of a qualified invoice system to be implemented on October 1, 2023 is as shown below. (Source: National Tax Agency )